بر اساس بررسی انجام شده توسط دانشگاه ساری و مقامات دولتی منطقه ای در دهلی هند، دهلی به کمک همسایگان روستایی خود نیاز دارد تا در نهایت مشکل مه دود قاتل خود را حل کند. پروفسور پراشانت کومار، مدیر مؤسس مرکز جهانی تحقیقات هوای پاک (GCARE) در دانشگاه ساری، گفت: “آلودگی هوا به مرزهای شهر احترام نمی گذارد — و بنابراین باید در سطح منطقه ای با آن مقابله شود. اگر شهرهایی مانند دهلی می خواهند از مه دود کشنده ای که در سال های اخیر مشاهده شده است جلوگیری کنند، به مناطق روستایی همسایه برای کمک به آنها نیاز دارند. ما این را می دانیم. روش کار می کند — ما در مکان هایی مانند مکزیکو سیتی و لس آنجلس شاهد موفقیت بوده ایم. با همکاری یکدیگر می توانیم با آلودگی هوا مقابله کنیم.”
در بیشتر شهرهای هند (60 درصد)، هوا بیش از هفت برابر بیشتر از آنچه باید باشد آلوده است. این پیامدهای زیادی برای سلامتی دارد.
بخشی از این آلودگی از مناطق روستایی همجوار ناشی می شود – از سوزاندن محصولات کشاورزی، اجاق های چوبی یا نیروگاه ها.
با این حال اقدامات برای مقابله با مه دود شهری معمولاً منابع روستایی را نادیده می گیرد. در عوض، آنها فقط بر اقداماتی در محدوده شهر تمرکز می کنند – مانند تقویت حمل و نقل عمومی یا کنترل آلودگی ناشی از صنعت و ساختمان.
بررسی GCARE به جای مقابله با آلودگی هوا در سطح منطقه ای توصیه می کند. این به معنای شناسایی منطقه وسیع تری است که در آن آلودگی یک شهر تولید می شود – به اصطلاح “هوایی”.
GCARE چندین توصیه را ارائه می دهد:
- باید برنامه‌های منطقه‌ای کیفیت هوا تدوین شود – که در مکان‌هایی مانند مکزیکو سیتی و لس‌آنجلس به خوبی جواب داده است.
- با نظارت بهتر می توان “پیش بینی دود” را تولید کرد. ماهواره ها می توانند آتش سوزی ها و دیگر منابع آلودگی را شناسایی کنند. سپس دانشمندان می‌توانند پیش‌بینی کنند که چگونه با شرایط آب و هوایی تعامل خواهد داشت.
- “شورای پایگاه هوایی” می تواند به آژانس های محلی، منطقه ای و فدرال کمک کند تا تلاش های خود را هماهنگ کنند.
دکتر انور علی خان، مهندس ارشد محیط زیست در کمیته کنترل آلودگی دهلی، گفت:
“کشورهای همسایه دهلی نقش مهمی در کمک به نجات جان مردم در شهر ما دارند — و در مناطق خود نیز. ما به یک برنامه عملی با پایه علمی سالم نیاز داریم و به نظارت بهتری نیاز داریم. این امر مستلزم آن است که شهرها، دولت ها و دیگران با هم کار کنید. رویکرد مشترک تنها راه برای شکست دادن این خطر مرگبار سلامتی است.”
دکتر موکش خاره، پروفسور بازنشسته مهندسی عمران در موسسه فناوری هند، گفت:
“بخش قابل توجهی از آلودگی هوا از منابع خارج از محدوده شهری ناشی می شود، که نیاز به تغییر از اهداف کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای خاص شهر به منطقه خاص دارد. ایجاد پایگاه هوایی ابزاری حیاتی برای مدیریت و برنامه ریزی موثر کیفیت هوا خواهد بود.”
این پروژه تحقیقاتی کمک های دانشگاه ساری را در تعدادی از اهداف پایداری سازمان ملل (SDG) نشان می دهد، از جمله: بدون فقر (SDG 1)، بدون گرسنگی (SDG 2)، انرژی مقرون به صرفه و پاک (SDG 7) و اقدام آب و هوا (SDG 13) ).
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